feat: standards audit + form factors reference

- Migration 100: adds `description` column to standards (plain-language
  DE·EN for non-technical colleagues), fills all 63 standards incl.
  complete 200G tier (SR4/DR4/FR4/LR4/ER4/CR4), copper DAC variants,
  PON family (GPON/XG-PON1/NG-PON2/25G-PON), 1.6T emerging standard

- Migration 101: new form_factors table — 20 entries covering SFP family
  (SFP→SFP112), QSFP family (QSFP+→QSFP-DD800), OSFP family (OSFP→OSFP224),
  CFP family, legacy XFP/CXP with full_name, speed, channels, status,
  supersedes chain, and bilingual plain-language descriptions

- GET /api/form-factors — new endpoint, returns all form factors with
  transceiver_count join
- GET /api/form-factors/:name — single form factor detail

Dashboard Standards tab:
  - DB description shown as subtitle in standards table rows
  - Full DE + EN description in standard detail panel
  - New Form Factors grid section with status badges, speed, channel info,
    family color coding, supersedes chain
  - openFormFactorDetail() panel with full specs + transceiver link
  - Search extended to match description + notes fields

packages/api/src/index.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import { stockRouter } from "./routes/stock";
 import { priceComparisonRouter } from "./routes/price-comparison";
 import { selflearningRouter } from "./routes/selflearning";
 import { internalDemandRouter } from "./routes/internal-demand";
+import { formFactorsRouter } from "./routes/form-factors";
 
 const app = express();
 
@@ -94,6 +95,8 @@ app.use("/api/review", reviewRouter);
 app.use("/api/stock", stockRouter);
 app.use("/api/price-comparison", priceComparisonRouter);
 app.use("/api/selflearning", selflearningRouter);
+// Form Factors reference
+app.use("/api/form-factors", formFactorsRouter);
 // Internal-only — restricted to localhost / LAN by the router itself
 app.use("/api/internal/demand", internalDemandRouter);
 

packages/api/src/routes/form-factors.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Form Factors API
+ * ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * Routes:
+ *   GET /api/form-factors        — All form factors with descriptions
+ *   GET /api/form-factors/:name  — Single form factor by name (e.g. QSFP28)
+ */
+
+import { Router, Request, Response } from "express";
+import { pool } from "../db/client";
+
+export const formFactorsRouter = Router();
+
+// GET /api/form-factors
+formFactorsRouter.get("/", async (_req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query(`
+      SELECT
+        ff.*,
+        COUNT(t.id)::int AS transceiver_count
+      FROM form_factors ff
+      LEFT JOIN transceivers t ON t.form_factor = ff.name
+      GROUP BY ff.id
+      ORDER BY
+        CASE ff.status
+          WHEN 'current'   THEN 1
+          WHEN 'emerging'  THEN 2
+          WHEN 'legacy'    THEN 3
+          WHEN 'obsolete'  THEN 4
+          ELSE 5
+        END,
+        ff.max_speed_gbps DESC NULLS LAST,
+        ff.name
+    `);
+    res.json({ success: true, data: rows, total: rows.length });
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("GET /api/form-factors error:", err);
+    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: "Internal server error" });
+  }
+});
+
+// GET /api/form-factors/:name
+formFactorsRouter.get("/:name", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query(`
+      SELECT
+        ff.*,
+        COUNT(t.id)::int AS transceiver_count,
+        COALESCE(
+          json_agg(DISTINCT jsonb_build_object(
+            'id', t.id,
+            'part_number', t.part_number,
+            'speed_gbps', t.speed_gbps,
+            'fiber_type', t.fiber_type,
+            'reach_label', t.reach_label
+          )) FILTER (WHERE t.id IS NOT NULL),
+          '[]'
+        ) AS sample_transceivers
+      FROM form_factors ff
+      LEFT JOIN transceivers t ON t.form_factor = ff.name
+      WHERE LOWER(ff.name) = LOWER($1)
+      GROUP BY ff.id
+    `, [req.params.name]);
+
+    if (!rows.length) {
+      return res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: "Form factor not found" });
+    }
+    res.json({ success: true, data: rows[0] });
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(`GET /api/form-factors/${req.params.name} error:`, err);
+    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: "Internal server error" });
+  }
+});

packages/dashboard/index.html

@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@
       <div class="table-wrap">
         <table>
           <thead><tr>
-            <th>Standard Name</th><th>Speed</th><th>Form Factor(s)</th>
+            <th style="min-width:160px">Standard Name</th><th>Speed</th><th>Form Factor(s)</th>
             <th>Max Reach</th><th>Fiber</th><th>Wavelength</th>
             <th>IEEE Ref</th><th>Body · Year</th><th>Status</th><th>Transceivers</th>
           </tr></thead>
@@ -1153,6 +1153,28 @@
         </table>
       </div>
     </div>
+
+    <!-- Form Factors Reference -->
+    <div style="margin-top:1.5rem">
+      <div style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap">
+        <h3 style="font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--text-bright);margin:0">Modul-Bauformen (Form Factors)</h3>
+        <span style="font-size:0.72rem;color:var(--text-dim);background:var(--surface3);padding:2px 8px;border-radius:6px">Erklärung für nicht-technische Kolleg:innen</span>
+        <select id="ff-family-filter" onchange="filterFormFactors()"
+          style="margin-left:auto;padding:6px 10px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;background:var(--bg2);color:var(--text);font-size:0.8rem">
+          <option value="">Alle Familien</option>
+          <option value="SFP family">SFP-Familie</option>
+          <option value="QSFP family">QSFP-Familie</option>
+          <option value="OSFP family">OSFP-Familie</option>
+          <option value="CFP family">CFP-Familie</option>
+          <option value="legacy">Legacy</option>
+        </select>
+      </div>
+      <div id="ff-grid" style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:0.75rem">
+        <div class="card" style="padding:1rem;text-align:center;color:var(--text-dim);font-size:0.85rem" id="ff-loading">
+          <span class="loading pulse">Lade Bauformen…</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
   </div>
 
   <!-- SWITCHES -->
@@ -4593,6 +4615,7 @@ document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
 
 // ── STANDARDS TAB ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 var _allStandards = [];
+var _allFormFactors = [];
 
 async function loadStandardsList() {
   var tbody = el('std-table');
@@ -4620,11 +4643,139 @@ async function loadStandardsList() {
   }).catch(function() {});
 
   if (_allStandards.length === 0) {
-    tbody.innerHTML = '<tr><td colspan="7" class="loading pulse">Loading…</td></tr>';
+    tbody.innerHTML = '<tr><td colspan="10" class="loading pulse">Loading…</td></tr>';
     var data = await api('/api/standards').catch(function() { return {}; });
     _allStandards = data.data || [];
   }
   filterStandardsTable();
+  // Also load form factors (lazy)
+  if (_allFormFactors.length === 0) loadFormFactors();
+}
+
+async function loadFormFactors() {
+  if (_allFormFactors.length > 0) { renderFormFactors(); return; }
+  var data = await api('/api/form-factors').catch(function() { return {}; });
+  _allFormFactors = data.data || [];
+  renderFormFactors();
+}
+
+function filterFormFactors() {
+  var family = el('ff-family-filter') ? el('ff-family-filter').value : '';
+  var filtered = family
+    ? _allFormFactors.filter(function(f) { return (f.family || '') === family; })
+    : _allFormFactors;
+  renderFormFactors(filtered);
+}
+
+function renderFormFactors(items) {
+  var grid = el('ff-grid');
+  if (!grid) return;
+  var list = items || _allFormFactors;
+  if (!list.length) {
+    grid.innerHTML = '<div class="card" style="padding:1rem;color:var(--text-dim);font-size:0.85rem;grid-column:1/-1">Keine Bauformen geladen.</div>';
+    return;
+  }
+  var statusColors = { current: '#2d6a4f', emerging: '#e6a800', legacy: '#888', obsolete: '#c1121f' };
+  var statusLabels = { current: 'Aktuell', emerging: 'Neu/Emerging', legacy: 'Legacy', obsolete: 'Veraltet' };
+  var familyColors = { 'SFP family': '#0ea5e9', 'QSFP family': '#6366f1', 'OSFP family': '#FF8100', 'CFP family': '#2d6a4f', 'legacy': '#888' };
+  grid.innerHTML = list.map(function(f) {
+    var sCl  = statusColors[f.status] || '#888';
+    var fCl  = familyColors[f.family] || '#888';
+    var sLbl = statusLabels[f.status] || f.status || '';
+    var maxSpd = f.max_speed_gbps >= 1000 ? (f.max_speed_gbps/1000) + 'T' : (f.max_speed_gbps || '?') + 'G';
+    // Description: show first part (DE) if bilingual
+    var descFull = f.description || '';
+    var descDE = descFull.split('//')[0].trim();
+    var descEN = descFull.includes('//') ? descFull.split('//')[1].trim() : '';
+    var supersedes = Array.isArray(f.supersedes) ? f.supersedes.filter(Boolean) : [];
+    return '<div class="card" style="padding:1rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.5rem;cursor:pointer" onclick="openFormFactorDetail(\'' + esc(f.name) + '\')">'
+      // Header row
+      + '<div style="display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap">'
+      + '<span style="font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--text-bright)">' + esc(f.name) + '</span>'
+      + '<span style="background:' + fCl + '22;color:' + fCl + ';padding:1px 7px;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.68rem;font-weight:600;margin-left:auto">' + esc(f.family || '') + '</span>'
+      + '</div>'
+      // Full name + speed badge
+      + '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.4rem;flex-wrap:wrap">'
+      + '<span style="font-size:0.75rem;color:var(--text-dim)">' + esc(f.full_name || '') + '</span>'
+      + '<span style="background:' + sCl + '22;color:' + sCl + ';padding:1px 6px;border-radius:5px;font-size:0.65rem;font-weight:600;margin-left:auto">' + esc(sLbl) + '</span>'
+      + '</div>'
+      // Speed + channels
+      + '<div style="display:flex;gap:0.5rem;align-items:center">'
+      + '<span style="font-size:0.85rem;font-weight:700;color:' + fCl + '">' + maxSpd + '</span>'
+      + (f.channels ? '<span style="font-size:0.72rem;color:var(--text-dim)">' + f.channels + ' Kanal' + (f.channels > 1 ? 'e' : '') + '</span>' : '')
+      + (f.channel_rate_gbps ? '<span style="font-size:0.72rem;color:var(--text-dim)">je ' + f.channel_rate_gbps + 'G</span>' : '')
+      + (f.year_introduced ? '<span style="font-size:0.68rem;color:var(--text-dim);margin-left:auto">seit ' + f.year_introduced + '</span>' : '')
+      + '</div>'
+      // Description (DE)
+      + (descDE ? '<div style="font-size:0.78rem;color:var(--text);line-height:1.55;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:0.5rem">' + esc(descDE) + '</div>' : '')
+      // Supersedes
+      + (supersedes.length ? '<div style="font-size:0.68rem;color:var(--text-dim)">Ersetzt: ' + supersedes.map(function(s) { return '<code style="font-size:0.7rem;color:var(--cyan)">' + esc(s) + '</code>'; }).join(', ') + '</div>' : '')
+      + (f.transceiver_count > 0 ? '<div style="font-size:0.7rem;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600">' + f.transceiver_count + ' Transceiver in Datenbank</div>' : '')
+      + '</div>';
+  }).join('');
+}
+
+function openFormFactorDetail(name) {
+  var f = _allFormFactors.find(function(x) { return x.name === name; });
+  if (!f) return;
+  var fCl = { 'SFP family': '#0ea5e9', 'QSFP family': '#6366f1', 'OSFP family': '#FF8100', 'CFP family': '#2d6a4f', 'legacy': '#888' }[f.family] || '#888';
+  var descFull = f.description || '';
+  var descDE = descFull.split('//')[0].trim();
+  var descEN = descFull.includes('//') ? descFull.split('//')[1].trim() : '';
+  var maxSpd = f.max_speed_gbps >= 1000 ? (f.max_speed_gbps/1000) + 'T' : (f.max_speed_gbps || '?') + 'G';
+  var supersedes = Array.isArray(f.supersedes) ? f.supersedes.filter(Boolean) : [];
+  var h = '';
+  h += '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:0.75rem">';
+  h += '<span style="font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--text-bright)">' + esc(f.name) + '</span>';
+  h += '<span style="font-size:0.8rem;color:var(--text-dim)">' + esc(f.full_name || '') + '</span>';
+  h += '</div>';
+  // Plain-language description
+  if (descDE) {
+    h += '<div class="card" style="padding:1rem;border-left:3px solid ' + fCl + ';margin-bottom:1rem">';
+    h += '<div style="font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.06em;color:var(--text-dim);margin-bottom:0.5rem">Was ist das?</div>';
+    h += '<div style="font-size:0.83rem;color:var(--text);line-height:1.6">' + esc(descDE) + '</div>';
+    if (descEN) {
+      h += '<div style="font-size:0.75rem;color:var(--text-dim);margin-top:0.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:0.5rem;font-style:italic">' + esc(descEN) + '</div>';
+    }
+    h += '</div>';
+  }
+  // Specs grid
+  var statusLabels = { current: 'Aktuell', emerging: 'Neu / Emerging', legacy: 'Legacy', obsolete: 'Veraltet / Obsolete' };
+  var specs = [
+    ['Max. Geschwindigkeit', maxSpd],
+    ['Kanäle', f.channels ? f.channels + ' × ' + (f.channel_rate_gbps || '?') + 'G' : '—'],
+    ['Familie', f.family || '—'],
+    ['Status', statusLabels[f.status] || f.status || '—'],
+    ['Hot-swap', f.hot_swap ? 'Ja — im laufenden Betrieb tauschbar' : 'Nein'],
+    ['Stecker (typisch)', f.connector_type || '—'],
+    ['Auf dem Markt seit', f.year_introduced ? String(f.year_introduced) : '—'],
+    ['Ersetzt durch', f.superseded_by || '—'],
+    ['Größe (B×T)', (f.physical_width_mm && f.physical_height_mm) ? f.physical_width_mm + 'mm × ' + f.physical_height_mm + 'mm' : '—']
+  ];
+  h += '<div style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem">';
+  specs.forEach(function(sp) {
+    if (!sp[1] || sp[1] === '—') return;
+    h += '<div style="background:var(--surface3);padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;border-radius:8px">'
+      + '<div style="font-size:0.65rem;color:var(--text-dim);margin-bottom:2px">' + esc(sp[0]) + '</div>'
+      + '<div style="font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--text-bright)">' + esc(String(sp[1])) + '</div>'
+      + '</div>';
+  });
+  h += '</div>';
+  if (supersedes.length) {
+    h += '<div style="margin-bottom:1rem"><div style="font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.06em;color:var(--text-dim);margin-bottom:0.4rem">Ersetzt diese Bauform(en):</div>';
+    h += '<div style="display:flex;gap:0.4rem;flex-wrap:wrap">';
+    supersedes.forEach(function(s) { h += '<span class="b b-blue" style="font-size:0.78rem">' + esc(s) + '</span>'; });
+    h += '</div></div>';
+  }
+  if (f.transceiver_count > 0) {
+    h += '<button class="btn" style="background:' + fCl + ';color:#fff;font-size:0.8rem" '
+      + 'onclick="goToTab(\'transceivers\');el(\'tx-search\').value=\'' + esc(f.name) + '\';searchTransceivers();closePanel()">'
+      + 'Transceiver mit ' + esc(f.name) + ' anzeigen →</button>';
+  }
+  if (f.notes) {
+    h += '<div class="card" style="margin-top:0.75rem;padding:0.75rem;font-size:0.75rem;color:var(--text-dim);line-height:1.55"><strong style="color:var(--text)">Technische Hinweise:</strong> ' + esc(f.notes) + '</div>';
+  }
+  openPanel(f.name + ' — Modul-Bauform', h);
 }
 
 function filterStandardsTable() {
@@ -4637,7 +4788,9 @@ function filterStandardsTable() {
     var matchQ = !q || (s.name || '').toLowerCase().includes(q)
       || (s.ieee_reference || '').toLowerCase().includes(q)
       || ffStr.toLowerCase().includes(q)
-      || (s.speed || '').toLowerCase().includes(q);
+      || (s.speed || '').toLowerCase().includes(q)
+      || (s.description || '').toLowerCase().includes(q)
+      || (s.notes || '').toLowerCase().includes(q);
     var matchS = !speed || String(s.speed_gbps) === speed;
     return matchQ && matchS;
   });
@@ -4662,8 +4815,15 @@ function filterStandardsTable() {
       ? '<span style="background:' + sCl + '22;color:' + sCl + ';padding:1px 7px;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.68rem;font-weight:600">' + esc(s.status) + '</span>'
       : '<span style="color:var(--text-dim)">—</span>';
     var sidx = _allStandards.indexOf(s);
+    // Show description (DE part before //) as subtitle
+    var descFull = s.description || '';
+    var descDE = descFull.split('//')[0].trim();
+    // Shorten to ~80 chars for table
+    var descShort = descDE.length > 85 ? descDE.slice(0, 82) + '…' : descDE;
+    var nameCell = '<div style="font-weight:700;color:var(--text-bright);line-height:1.2">' + esc(s.name || '—') + '</div>'
+      + (descShort ? '<div style="font-size:0.68rem;color:var(--text-dim);margin-top:2px;line-height:1.35;max-width:28ch;white-space:normal">' + esc(descShort) + '</div>' : '');
     return '<tr style="cursor:pointer" onclick="openStandardDetail(' + sidx + ')">'
-      + '<td style="font-weight:700;color:var(--text-bright);min-width:120px">' + esc(s.name || '—') + '</td>'
+      + '<td style="min-width:180px;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px">' + nameCell + '</td>'
       + '<td><span style="background:' + col + '22;color:' + col + ';padding:2px 8px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;font-size:0.8rem;white-space:nowrap">' + (s.speed_gbps || '—') + 'G</span></td>'
       + '<td style="min-width:100px">' + (ffBadges || '<span style="color:var(--text-dim)">—</span>') + '</td>'
       + '<td style="white-space:nowrap">' + esc(s.max_reach_label || '—') + '</td>'
@@ -4797,6 +4957,10 @@ async function openStandardDetail(idx) {
   var speedColors = { 1600: '#7c3aed', 800: '#c1121f', 400: '#FF8100', 200: '#e6a800', 100: '#2d6a4f', 40: '#4287f5', 25: '#0ea5e9', 10: '#888', 1: '#555' };
   var col = speedColors[spd] || '#888';
   var ffs = Array.isArray(s.form_factors) ? s.form_factors : [s.form_factors || ''];
+  // Prefer DB description if available, fall back to generated explanation
+  var dbDescFull = s.description || '';
+  var dbDescDE = dbDescFull.split('//')[0].trim();
+  var dbDescEN = dbDescFull.includes('//') ? dbDescFull.split('//')[1].trim() : '';
   var explained = genStdPlainExplanation(s);
   var useCases = STD_USE_CASES[spd] || STD_USE_CASES[10];
 
@@ -4815,10 +4979,17 @@ async function openStandardDetail(idx) {
   h += '<div style="font-size:0.82rem;color:#FF8100;font-weight:600">' + esc(explained.headline) + '</div>';
   h += '</div>';
 
-  // Plain-language explanation
+  // Plain-language explanation — DB description preferred, generated as fallback
   h += '<div class="card" style="margin-bottom:1rem;padding:1rem;border-left:3px solid ' + col + '">';
   h += '<div style="font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.06em;color:var(--text-dim);margin-bottom:0.6rem">Was ist das?</div>';
+  if (dbDescDE) {
+    h += '<div style="font-size:0.83rem;color:var(--text);line-height:1.65">' + esc(dbDescDE) + '</div>';
+    if (dbDescEN) {
+      h += '<div style="font-size:0.75rem;color:var(--text-dim);margin-top:0.6rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:0.5rem;font-style:italic">' + esc(dbDescEN) + '</div>';
+    }
+  } else {
     h += '<div style="font-size:0.83rem;color:var(--text);line-height:1.65">' + explained.body + '</div>';
+  }
   h += '</div>';
 
   // Key specs grid

sql/100-standards-descriptions-and-gaps.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+-- Migration 100: Plain-Language Descriptions + Missing Standards
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- 1. Adds `description` column (TEXT) to the standards table
+--    — written for non-technical colleagues, bilingual (DE · EN)
+-- 2. Updates all 40 existing standards with plain-language descriptions
+-- 3. Inserts all missing standards (200G tier, PON, copper/DAC, extended-reach)
+--
+-- Total after migration: ~70+ standards covering 1G → 1.6T
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- Step 1: Add description column
+ALTER TABLE standards
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS description TEXT;
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- Step 2: Update existing standards with plain-language descriptions
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- 1G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-Gigabit über Multi-Mode-Glasfaser. Reichweite bis 550m — typisch in Bürogebäuden und Campus-Netzwerken. Der meistgenutzte 1G-Glasfaser-Standard weltweit. // Short-reach Gigabit Ethernet over multi-mode fiber. Up to 550m — the dominant 1G fiber standard for office buildings and campus networks.' WHERE name = '1000BASE-SX';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-Gigabit über Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser (SMF). Reichweite bis 10km — verbindet Gebäude, Stockwerke oder Standorte. Der Standard für GbE auf größeren Geländen. // Long-reach Gigabit Ethernet over single-mode fiber. Up to 10km — connects buildings, floors, or remote sites across a campus.' WHERE name = '1000BASE-LX';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Wie 1000BASE-LX, aber formal für Zugangsnetzwerke definiert (EFM-Standard für Richtfunk/FTTH). Identische Hardware, nur andere formale Spezifikation. // Same as LX but formally defined for access networks (EFM). Identical hardware, different formal scope — used in FTTx access deployments.' WHERE name = '1000BASE-LX10';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'BiDi-Gigabit: Senden und Empfangen über eine einzige Glasfaser. Halbiert den Glasfaserbedarf bei FTTH-Netzwerken. Die Hin- und Rückrichtung nutzen verschiedene Wellenlängen (1310/1490nm). // Bidirectional Gigabit over a single fiber strand using two wavelengths. Halves fiber costs — one cable instead of two. Standard for fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) last-mile.' WHERE name = '1000BASE-BX10';
+UPDATE standards SET description = '10G-PON: Passives optisches Netzwerk mit 10 Gbit/s, das ISPs für Hochgeschwindigkeits-Breitband (z.B. 1-Gbit-Heimanschlüsse) nutzen. Upstream und Downstream sind symmetrisch 10G. // 10G symmetric passive optical network — used by ISPs to deliver 1G+ broadband to homes and businesses. Both upload and download run at 10G.' WHERE name = 'XGS-PON';
+
+-- 10G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-10-Gigabit über Multi-Mode-Glasfaser. Reichweite 100–300m — der Standard für Server-Anbindungen im Rechenzentrum. Läuft auf günstigem OM3/OM4-Kabel. // Short-reach 10G over multi-mode fiber. 100–300m — the backbone of server-to-switch connections in data centers. Uses affordable OM3/OM4 cable.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-SR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-10-Gigabit über Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser. Reichweite 10km — verbindet verschiedene Gebäude oder Etagen. Der häufigste Weitverbindungs-10G-Standard. // Long-reach 10G over single-mode fiber. Up to 10km — connects separate buildings or data halls. The most common long-distance 10G interface.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-LR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 10-Gigabit über 40km Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser. Für Metro-Strecken und Campus-Verbindungen, wo 10km nicht ausreichen. // Extended-reach 10G over single-mode fiber. Up to 40km — used for metro links, inter-campus connections, and multi-building deployments.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-ER';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Herstellerstandard (kein offizieller IEEE-Standard): 10-Gigabit über 80km Glasfaser. Für Stadtverbindungen und Fernstrecken ohne Signalverstärker. // Vendor de-facto standard: 10G over 80km single-mode fiber. Used for city-scale links and long-haul connections where amplifiers are unavailable.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-ZR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Speziell für ältere Multi-Mode-Glasfaser (OM1/OM2) entwickelt. Reichweite 220m — ermöglicht 10G-Upgrade ohne Austausch der vorhandenen Legacy-Verkabelung. // Designed for legacy OM1/OM2 multi-mode fiber. 220m reach — enables 10G upgrades without replacing existing cable infrastructure.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-LRM';
+UPDATE standards SET description = '10-Gigabit über Standard-Kupferkabel (Cat6A). Reichweite 100m — ermöglicht 10G-Speeds mit vorhandener Kupferverkabelung. Höherer Stromverbrauch als Glasfaser-Optionen. // 10G Ethernet over copper cable (Cat6A). Up to 100m — enables 10G speeds using existing copper infrastructure. Higher power than fiber options.' WHERE name = '10GBASE-T';
+
+-- 25G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-25-Gigabit über Multi-Mode-Glasfaser. Reichweite 70–100m — seit 2017 der Standardanschluss für Server-Netzwerkkarten im Rechenzentrum. Löst 10G als ToR-Standard ab. // Short-reach 25G over multi-mode fiber. 70–100m — the dominant server NIC uplink standard since 2017. Replaced 10G as the default top-of-rack server connection.' WHERE name = '25GBASE-SR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-25-Gigabit über Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser. Reichweite 10km — für 25G-Verbindungen über größere Distanzen als OM4 erlaubt. // Long-reach 25G over single-mode fiber. Up to 10km — used where servers need longer fiber runs than the MMF-based SR variant allows.' WHERE name = '25GBASE-LR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 25-Gigabit über 40km Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser. Für 25G-Strecken über mehrere Gebäude oder Metro-Distanzen. // Extended-reach 25G over single-mode fiber. Up to 40km — for 25G links spanning multiple buildings or metro distances.' WHERE name = '25GBASE-ER';
+
+-- 40G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = '40-Gigabit mit 4 parallelen Glasfaser-Kanälen (8-Faser-MPO-Kabel). Reichweite 100–150m — war der Standard für 40G-Verbindungen im Rechenzentrum, heute durch 100G abgelöst. // 40G over 4 parallel fiber lanes (8-fiber MPO cable). 100–150m — was the dominant 40G data center standard, now largely replaced by 100G.' WHERE name = '40GBASE-SR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = '40-Gigabit mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen über eine Glasfaserleitung. Reichweite 10km — verbindet Gebäude mit normalem LC-Duplex-Stecker. Günstig weil kein Parallelkabel nötig. // 40G using 4 WDM wavelengths over a single fiber pair. Up to 10km — connects buildings with a standard duplex LC cable. Cost-effective long-reach 40G.' WHERE name = '40GBASE-LR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 40-Gigabit über 40km Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser. Für 40G-Strecken jenseits der LR4-Reichweite. // Extended-reach 40G over single-mode fiber. Up to 40km — for 40G links beyond the 10km LR4 range.' WHERE name = '40GBASE-ER4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Paralleloptik-40G über 4 einzelne Einzel-Modus-Fasern (8-Faser-MPO, 10km). Ähnlich wie SR4, aber für SMF statt MMF — bei Systemen die SMF-MPO-Kabel nutzen. // Parallel 40G over 4 single-mode fibers (8-fiber MPO). Like SR4 but for single-mode — used in systems that require SMF with MPO connectors.' WHERE name = '40GBASE-PLR4';
+
+-- 100G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-100-Gigabit mit 4 parallelen Glasfaser-Kanälen (je 25G). Reichweite 70–100m — der Standard für Server- und Spine-Verbindungen in modernen Hyperscale-Rechenzentren. // Short-reach 100G using 4 parallel 25G fiber lanes. 70–100m — the dominant 100G standard for server and spine connections in modern hyperscale data centers.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-SR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-100-Gigabit mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 25G). Reichweite 10km — verbindet Rechenzentrumsgebäude. Häufigste Langstrecken-100G-Schnittstelle weltweit. // Long-reach 100G using 4 WDM wavelengths at 25G each. Up to 10km — connects data hall buildings. The most widely deployed long-distance 100G interface globally.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-LR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 100-Gigabit über 40km Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser (4 WDM-Kanäle). Für 100G-Strecken jenseits der LR4-Reichweite, z.B. zwischen weit entfernten Standorten. // Extended-reach 100G over 40km single-mode fiber (4 WDM channels). For 100G links beyond LR4 range, e.g. between distant sites.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-ER4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Mittlere Reichweite: 100-Gigabit mit einem einzigen Laserstrahl (Single-Lambda). Reichweite 2km — einfacheres Design als LR4 (ein Laser statt vier), günstiger für mittlere Distanzen. // Medium-reach 100G using a single laser wavelength. Up to 2km — simpler design than LR4 (one laser instead of four), cost-effective for medium distances.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-FR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Paralleloptik-100G über 4 parallele Einzel-Modus-Fasern (MPO-Stecker). Reichweite 500m — kostengünstiges Design für 100G innerhalb eines Geländes. // Parallel 100G over 4 single-mode fibers with MPO connector. Up to 500m — cost-effective 100G design for intra-campus connections.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-DR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-100G mit einem einzigen Laser (Single-Lambda). Reichweite 10km über SMF — modernere, einfachere Alternative zu LR4 für neue Deployments. // Long-reach 100G using a single high-speed laser. Up to 10km over SMF — a simpler, more modern alternative to LR4 for new deployments.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-LR';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Mittlere Reichweite: 100-Gigabit mit 4 groben WDM-Wellenlängen. Reichweite 2km — günstiger als LR4 für kurze bis mittlere Strecken dank einfacherer Laser-Technologie. // 100G using 4 coarse WDM wavelengths. Up to 2km — lower cost than LR4 for short-to-medium distances thanks to simpler laser technology.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-CWDM4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Paralleloptik-100G über 4 einzelne SMF-Fasern (MPO-12-Kabel). Reichweite 500m — kostengünstige 100G-Option für Gebäude-interne Verbindungen. // Parallel single-mode 100G over 4 SMF fibers (MPO-12 cable). Up to 500m — cost-effective 100G option for intra-building connections.' WHERE name = '100GBASE-PSM4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kohärente Langstrecken-100G-Übertragung bis 1000km+ (mit EDFA-Verstärkern). Nutzt komplexe Modulationsverfahren wie bei Mobilfunk — für Telko-Backbone-Netze und Trans-Kontinent-Strecken. // Coherent 100G for metro and long-haul networks. Works up to 1000km+ with amplification — carrier-grade for telecom backbone and trans-continental links.' WHERE name = '100G-ZR(OIF)';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Abstimmbares (tunable) 100G-Modul für DWDM-Netzwerke. Die Wellenlänge kann auf jeden ITU-T-Kanal eingestellt werden — ein Modultyp deckt alle WDM-Netzwerk-Slots ab und vereinfacht das Ersatzteilmanagement. // Tunable 100G module for DWDM networks. Wavelength is adjustable to any ITU-T channel — one module type covers all WDM slots, simplifying spares inventory.' WHERE name = '100G DWDM Tunable';
+
+-- 400G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-400G mit 4 parallelen MMF-Kanälen (4×100G, SWDM4). Reichweite 150m — nutzt Multi-Mode-Glasfaser für 400G in Rechenzentren. // Short-reach 400G using 4 WDM lanes over multi-mode fiber (SWDM4 technique). Up to 150m — enables 400G over standard OM4 multi-mode cabling.' WHERE name = '400GBASE-SR4.2';
+UPDATE standards SET description = '400-Gigabit mit 8 parallelen MMF-Kanälen. Reichweite 100m — benötigt 16-Faser-MPO-Kabel. Für sehr dichte 400G-Kurzstrecken-Verbindungen. // 400G using 8 parallel multi-mode fiber lanes. Up to 100m — requires 16-fiber MPO cable. For high-density 400G short-reach connections.' WHERE name = '400GBASE-SR8';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Paralleloptik-400G über 4 parallele SMF-Fasern (MPO-12). Reichweite 500m — für 400G innerhalb eines Hyperscale-Geländes oder zwischen benachbarten Gebäuden. // Parallel 400G over 4 single-mode fibers (MPO-12 cable). Up to 500m — used for intra-campus 400G in hyperscale environments.' WHERE name = '400GBASE-DR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Mittlere Reichweite: 400-Gigabit mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 100G). Reichweite 2km — kostengünstige 400G-Option für mittlere Distanzen mit LC-Duplex-Stecker. // Medium-reach 400G using 4 WDM wavelengths (100G each). Up to 2km — cost-effective 400G with standard LC duplex connector.' WHERE name = '400GBASE-FR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-400G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 100G). Reichweite 10km — Standard für 400G zwischen Gebäuden und Rechenzentrumsstandorten. // Long-reach 400G using 4 WDM wavelengths (100G each). Up to 10km — the standard for 400G inter-building and inter-site connections.' WHERE name = '400GBASE-LR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kohärente Langstrecken-400G bis 1000km+ (pluggable). Das erste weit verbreitete vollständig steckbare kohärente Modul — revolutionierte das Telko-Netz indem DWDM-Transponder in kleinen QSFP-DD-Gehäusen möglich wurden. // Coherent 400G up to 1000km+ (fully pluggable). The first widely deployed pluggable coherent module — revolutionized telecom by fitting DWDM transponder capability into a QSFP-DD package.' WHERE name = '400G-ZR(OIF)';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Erweiterte kohärente 400G-Übertragung mit höherer Sendeleistung. Längere Reichweite als ZR — für Metro- und Regional-Netze. Kompatibel mit ZR-Geräten aber höhere Anforderungen an den Empfänger. // Enhanced coherent 400G with higher transmit power. Longer reach than ZR — for metro and regional networks. Compatible with ZR equipment but with higher receiver demands.' WHERE name = '400G-ZR+(OIF)';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Abstimmbares (tunable) 400G-Modul für DWDM-Netze. Einstellbare Wellenlänge auf jeden ITU-T-Kanal — für Carrier und Service Provider die flexibles WDM-Netzwerkdesign brauchen. // Tunable 400G module for DWDM networks. Adjustable to any ITU-T channel — for carriers and service providers needing flexible WDM network design.' WHERE name = '400G DWDM Tunable';
+
+-- 800G Standards
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kurzstrecken-800-Gigabit mit 8 parallelen MMF-Kanälen. Reichweite 50m — der neue Standard für AI/ML-Cluster-Verbindungen der nächsten Generation. Benötigt 16-Faser-MPO-Kabel. // Short-reach 800G using 8 parallel multi-mode fiber lanes. Up to 50m — next-generation AI/ML cluster interconnect. Requires 16-fiber MPO cable.' WHERE name = '800GBASE-SR8';
+UPDATE standards SET description = '800-Gigabit mit 8 parallelen SMF-Fasern (MPO-16). Reichweite 500m — Hyperscale-Campus-Verbindungen der nächsten Generation. Zwei Module zusammen entsprechen 1.6T Kapazität. // 800G using 8 parallel single-mode fibers (MPO-16 cable). Up to 500m — next-generation hyperscale campus connectivity. Two modules together equal 1.6T capacity.' WHERE name = '800GBASE-DR8';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Langstrecken-800G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 200G, PAM4). Reichweite 10km — aufkommender Standard für 800G zwischen Gebäuden. Noch in früher Marktdurchdringung. // Long-reach 800G using 4 WDM wavelengths (200G each, PAM4). Up to 10km — emerging standard for 800G inter-building links. Still early in market adoption.' WHERE name = '800GBASE-LR4';
+UPDATE standards SET description = 'Kohärente Langstrecken-800G bis 1000km+ (pluggable). Das leistungsfähigste steckbare kohärente Modul heute — für Telko-Backbone und Ultra-High-Capacity-WDM-Netze. // Coherent 800G up to 1000km+ (fully pluggable). The highest-capacity pluggable coherent module available today — for telecom backbone and ultra-high-capacity WDM networks.' WHERE name = '800G-ZR(OIF)';
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- Step 3: Insert missing standards
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+INSERT INTO standards (name, ieee_reference, body, speed, speed_gbps, form_factors, max_reach_meters, max_reach_label, fiber_type, wavelength, status, year_ratified, notes, description)
+VALUES
+
+-- ── 1G (copper + extended reach) ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+('1000BASE-T',
+ 'IEEE 802.3ab', 'IEEE', '1G', 1,
+ '{RJ45}', 100, '100m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 1999,
+ '4-pair Cat5e/Cat6 copper, 1000Mbps. The universal desktop and IP phone standard.',
+ 'Gigabit-Ethernet über Standard-Kupferkabel (Cat5e/Cat6). Reichweite 100m — der universelle Standard für PCs, Drucker, IP-Telefone und IoT-Geräte. Kein Glasfaser nötig. // Gigabit Ethernet over standard copper cable (Cat5e/Cat6). Up to 100m — the universal standard for desktop PCs, printers, IP phones, and IoT devices. No fiber required.'),
+
+('1000BASE-ZX',
+ NULL, 'de_facto', '1G', 1,
+ '{SFP}', 80000, '80km',
+ 'SMF', '1550nm',
+ 'ratified', 2003,
+ 'Vendor de facto, 1550nm DFB, 80km SMF. For metropolitan and inter-city 1G links.',
+ 'Ultra-Langstrecken-Gigabit über 80km Einzel-Modus-Glasfaser (Herstellerstandard). Für Stadtverbindungen und Metro-Netze wo 10G noch zu teuer ist. // Ultra-long-reach Gigabit over 80km single-mode fiber (vendor de-facto). For city-scale metro links and long-haul connections where 10G is still cost-prohibitive.'),
+
+-- ── 10G (ultra short reach) ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('10GBASE-USR',
+ NULL, 'MSA', '10G', 10,
+ '{SFP+,XFP}', 2, '2m',
+ 'MMF', '850nm',
+ 'ratified', 2010,
+ 'Ultra short reach, backplane and board-to-board applications. 2m OM3.',
+ 'Ultra-Kurzstrecken-10G: nur 2 Meter Reichweite. Für Verbindungen innerhalb eines Switch-Chassis oder zwischen direkt nebeneinander stehenden Geräten (Backplane-Optik). // Ultra-short-reach 10G: only 2 meters. Used inside switch chassis or between co-located devices (backplane optical connections).'),
+
+-- ── 25G (copper) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('25GBASE-CR',
+ 'IEEE 802.3by', 'IEEE', '25G', 25,
+ '{SFP28}', 5, '5m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 2016,
+ 'Direct attach copper (DAC), 25G, up to 5m. Cheapest 25G option for same-rack connections.',
+ '25G über Kupfer-Twinax-Kabel (DAC). Reichweite bis 5m — die günstigste 25G-Option für Verbindungen zwischen Geräten im selben Rack. Kein Transceiver nötig, Kabel steckt direkt ein. // 25G direct attach copper (DAC cable). Up to 5m — the cheapest 25G option for same-rack device connections. No transceiver needed, the cable plugs directly in.'),
+
+-- ── 40G (copper) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('40GBASE-CR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3ba', 'IEEE', '40G', 40,
+ '{QSFP+}', 7, '7m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 2010,
+ '4-lane copper twinax DAC, 40G, up to 7m. Standard for short-range 40G within rack or between adjacent racks.',
+ '40G über 4-Kanal-Kupfer-Twinax-Kabel (DAC). Reichweite bis 7m — die günstigste Option für kurze 40G-Verbindungen im oder zwischen benachbarten Racks. // 40G over 4-lane copper twinax cable (DAC). Up to 7m — the cheapest option for short 40G connections within or between adjacent racks.'),
+
+-- ── 100G (copper + parallel legacy) ──────────────────────────────────────────
+('100GBASE-CR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3bj', 'IEEE', '100G', 100,
+ '{QSFP28}', 5, '5m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 2014,
+ '4-lane copper twinax DAC/AEC, 100G. Low-cost ToR server connections.',
+ '100G über 4-Kanal-Kupfer-Twinax-Kabel (DAC/AEC). Reichweite bis 5m — die günstigste Option für 100G-Serveranschlüsse am Top-of-Rack-Switch. // 100G over 4-lane copper twinax cable (DAC/AEC). Up to 5m — the lowest-cost option for 100G top-of-rack server connections.'),
+
+('100GBASE-SR10',
+ 'IEEE 802.3ba', 'IEEE', '100G', 100,
+ '{CFP,CXP}', 150, '150m',
+ 'MMF', '850nm',
+ 'ratified', 2010,
+ 'Early 100G design using 10×10G parallel lanes, 24-fiber MPO. Now legacy — replaced by SR4 and QSFP28.',
+ 'Frühe 100G-Technik mit 10 parallelen 10G-Kanälen (24-Faser-MPO). Heute veraltet — wurde durch 100GBASE-SR4 und QSFP28 abgelöst. Noch in einigen älteren Installationen zu finden. // Early 100G design using 10 parallel 10G lanes (24-fiber MPO cable). Now legacy — replaced by SR4 and QSFP28. Still found in older installations.'),
+
+-- ── 200G tier (completely missing) ───────────────────────────────────────────
+('200GBASE-SR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cd', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56,QSFP-DD}', 100, '100m',
+ 'MMF', '850nm',
+ 'ratified', 2018,
+ '4x50G parallel MMF (850nm), 100m OM4, 75m OM3. High-density 200G data center fabric.',
+ 'Kurzstrecken-200G mit 4 parallelen MMF-Kanälen (je 50G). Reichweite 100m auf OM4 — für Hochdichte-200G-Verbindungen in Hyperscale-Rechenzentren. Doppelte Dichte gegenüber 100G-SR4. // Short-reach 200G using 4 parallel 50G MMF lanes. Up to 100m on OM4 — for high-density 200G in hyperscale data centers. Double the density of 100G SR4.'),
+
+('200GBASE-DR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cn', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56,QSFP-DD}', 500, '500m',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'ratified', 2019,
+ '4x50G parallel SMF, MPO-12, 500m. Hyperscale campus 200G connectivity.',
+ 'Paralleloptik-200G über 4 SMF-Fasern (MPO-12-Kabel). Reichweite 500m — für 200G-Verbindungen auf Hyperscale-Geländen wo mehr als 100m nötig sind. // Parallel 200G over 4 single-mode fibers (MPO-12 cable). Up to 500m — for 200G connections on hyperscale campuses requiring more than the 100m MMF range.'),
+
+('200GBASE-FR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cn', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56,QSFP-DD}', 2000, '2km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'ratified', 2019,
+ '4x50G WDM over single SMF pair (LC duplex), 2km. Cost-effective medium-reach 200G.',
+ 'Mittlere Reichweite: 200G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 50G). Reichweite 2km mit normalem LC-Duplex-Stecker — kostengünstige 200G-Option für mittlere Distanzen. // Medium-reach 200G using 4 WDM wavelengths (50G each). Up to 2km with standard LC duplex connector — cost-effective 200G for medium distances.'),
+
+('200GBASE-LR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cn', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56,QSFP-DD}', 10000, '10km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'ratified', 2019,
+ '4x50G LAN-WDM over SMF, 10km LC duplex. Standard long-reach 200G inter-building interface.',
+ 'Langstrecken-200G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 50G). Reichweite 10km — Standard für 200G zwischen Gebäuden und Rechenzentrumsstandorten. LC-Duplex-Stecker wie bei 100G-LR4. // Long-reach 200G using 4 WDM wavelengths (50G each). Up to 10km — standard for 200G inter-building and inter-site connections. Same LC duplex connector as 100G LR4.'),
+
+('200GBASE-ER4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cn', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56,QSFP-DD}', 40000, '40km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'ratified', 2020,
+ '4x50G WDM, 40km extended reach SMF. For 200G metro and long-haul applications.',
+ 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 200G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen über 40km SMF. Für 200G-Metro-Verbindungen zwischen weit entfernten Standorten. // Extended-reach 200G using 4 WDM wavelengths over 40km SMF. For 200G metro and long-haul links between distant sites.'),
+
+('200GBASE-CR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cd', 'IEEE', '200G', 200,
+ '{QSFP56}', 3, '3m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 2018,
+ '4x50G copper twinax DAC, 200G short-reach. Low-cost option for adjacent 200G rack connections.',
+ '200G über 4-Kanal-Kupfer-Twinax-Kabel (DAC). Reichweite bis 3m — die günstigste Option für kurze 200G-Verbindungen innerhalb und zwischen benachbarten Racks. // 200G over 4-lane copper twinax cable (DAC). Up to 3m — the lowest-cost option for short 200G connections within and between adjacent racks.'),
+
+-- ── 400G (extended reach) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('400GBASE-ER8',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cn', 'IEEE', '400G', 400,
+ '{QSFP-DD,OSFP}', 40000, '40km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'ratified', 2019,
+ '8x50G LAN-WDM over SMF, 40km. Fills the gap between LR4 (10km) and ZR (100km+).',
+ 'Erweiterte Reichweite: 400G mit 8 WDM-Wellenlängen über 40km SMF. Füllt die Lücke zwischen LR4 (10km) und ZR (100km+) — für 400G-Metro-Verbindungen zwischen entfernten Standorten. // Extended-reach 400G using 8 WDM wavelengths over 40km SMF. Fills the gap between LR4 (10km) and ZR (100km+) — for 400G metro links between distant sites.'),
+
+('400GBASE-CR8',
+ 'IEEE 802.3bs', 'IEEE', '400G', 400,
+ '{QSFP-DD,OSFP}', 3, '3m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'ratified', 2017,
+ '8-lane copper twinax DAC, 400G, up to 3m. Low-cost option for 400G within rack.',
+ '400G über 8-Kanal-Kupfer-Twinax-Kabel (DAC). Reichweite bis 3m — die günstigste Option für kurze 400G-Verbindungen innerhalb eines Racks. // 400G over 8-lane copper twinax cable (DAC). Up to 3m — the lowest-cost option for short 400G connections within a single rack.'),
+
+-- ── 800G (emerging) ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('800GBASE-FR4',
+ 'IEEE 802.3df', 'IEEE', '800G', 800,
+ '{OSFP,QSFP-DD800}', 2000, '2km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'draft', 2024,
+ '4x200G WDM (PAM4), 2km SMF LC duplex. Emerging medium-reach 800G standard.',
+ 'In Entwicklung: 800G mit 4 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 200G, PAM4). Reichweite 2km — für zukünftige 800G-Verbindungen auf Geländen und zwischen Gebäuden. Noch nicht weit verbreitet. // Emerging: 800G using 4 WDM wavelengths (200G each, PAM4). Up to 2km — for future 800G campus and inter-building connections. Not yet widely deployed.'),
+
+('800GBASE-LR8',
+ 'IEEE 802.3df', 'IEEE', '800G', 800,
+ '{OSFP,QSFP-DD800}', 10000, '10km',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'draft', 2024,
+ '8x100G LAN-WDM (PAM4), 10km SMF. Next-gen long-reach 800G for inter-building links.',
+ 'In Entwicklung: 800G mit 8 WDM-Wellenlängen (je 100G, PAM4). Reichweite 10km — zukünftiger Standard für 800G zwischen Gebäuden. Markteinführung für 2025/2026 erwartet. // Emerging: 800G using 8 WDM wavelengths (100G each, PAM4). Up to 10km — future standard for 800G inter-building links. Market entry expected 2025/2026.'),
+
+('800GBASE-CR8',
+ 'IEEE 802.3df', 'IEEE', '800G', 800,
+ '{OSFP,QSFP-DD800}', 3, '3m',
+ 'copper', NULL,
+ 'draft', 2024,
+ '8-lane copper twinax, 800G DAC. For AI/ML cluster GPU-to-switch connections in same rack.',
+ '800G über 8-Kanal-Kupfer-Twinax (DAC). Reichweite bis 3m — für AI/ML-Cluster-Verbindungen von GPU-Servern zum Top-of-Rack-Switch im selben Rack. // 800G over 8-lane copper twinax (DAC cable). Up to 3m — for AI/ML cluster connections from GPU servers to top-of-rack switches in the same rack.'),
+
+-- ── PON / Access Standards ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+('GPON',
+ 'ITU-T G.984', 'MSA', '2.5G', 2.5,
+ '{SFP}', 20000, '20km',
+ 'SMF', '1490nm',
+ 'ratified', 2003,
+ 'Gigabit PON: 2.488Gbps down / 1.244Gbps up over passive fiber tree. Worldwide dominant FTTH standard.',
+ 'Gigabit Passives Optisches Netzwerk — die weltweit meistgenutzte Technologie für Glasfaser-Heimanschlüsse (FTTH). Verteilt bis zu 2.5 Gbit/s ohne aktive Netzwerkelemente (keine Switches nötig) an bis zu 128 Haushalte über eine einzige Glasfaser. // Gigabit Passive Optical Network — the world''s most common fiber broadband technology. Delivers up to 2.5Gbps to 128 homes over a single fiber without active network elements (no switches needed en route).'),
+
+('XG-PON1',
+ 'ITU-T G.987', 'MSA', '10G', 10,
+ '{SFP+}', 20000, '20km',
+ 'SMF', '1577nm',
+ 'ratified', 2010,
+ '10G downstream / 2.5G upstream PON. Asymmetric upgrade path from GPON without changing fiber plant.',
+ '10G-PON mit asymmetrischen Geschwindigkeiten: 10 Gbit/s Download, 2.5 Gbit/s Upload. Upgrade-Pfad von GPON ohne neue Glasfaser zu legen — ISPs können auf 10G aufrüsten indem sie nur die End-Geräte tauschen. // Asymmetric 10G PON: 10Gbps downstream, 2.5Gbps upstream. Upgrade path from GPON without replacing fiber — ISPs can upgrade to 10G by changing only the endpoints.'),
+
+('NG-PON2',
+ 'ITU-T G.989', 'MSA', '40G', 40,
+ '{SFP28,QSFP+}', 40000, '40km',
+ 'SMF', '1596nm',
+ 'ratified', 2015,
+ 'Next-Gen PON2: 4 wavelengths × 10G = 40Gbps aggregate. Multiple operators can share fiber. Enterprise and 5G fronthaul.',
+ 'Nächste Generation PON: 4 Wellenlängen × 10G = 40 Gbit/s Gesamt-Kapazität. Mehrere Internet-Anbieter können dieselbe Glasfaser teilen. Wird für 5G-Fronthaul und Unternehmens-Glasfaser eingesetzt. // Next-Generation PON: 4 wavelengths × 10G = 40Gbps aggregate capacity. Multiple operators can share the same fiber. Used for 5G fronthaul and enterprise fiber deployments.'),
+
+('25G-PON',
+ 'ITU-T G.9804', 'MSA', '25G', 25,
+ '{SFP28}', 20000, '20km',
+ 'SMF', '1340nm',
+ 'draft', 2023,
+ 'Emerging 25G symmetric PON for ultra-broadband and 5G fronthaul. Ratification expected 2024.',
+ 'Aufkommender Standard: 25G symmetrisches Glasfasernetzwerk für Ultra-Breitband und 5G-Fronthaul. Für ISPs die Gigabit-Klasse Breitbanddienste der nächsten Generation anbieten wollen. Ratifizierung 2024 erwartet. // Emerging standard: 25G symmetric passive optical network for next-generation broadband and 5G fronthaul. For ISPs planning multi-gigabit residential and enterprise fiber services. Ratification expected 2024.'),
+
+-- ── 1.6T (emerging next-generation) ──────────────────────────────────────────
+('1.6TBASE-DR16',
+ 'IEEE 802.3dj', 'IEEE', '1.6T', 1600,
+ '{OSFP224}', 500, '500m',
+ 'SMF', '1310nm',
+ 'draft', 2025,
+ '16x100G parallel SMF (MPO-32), 500m. Emerging 1.6T standard for AI/ML GPU cluster interconnects.',
+ 'In Entwicklung: 1.6 Terabit/s mit 16 parallelen SMF-Kanälen (je 100G). Reichweite 500m — der kommende Standard für AI/ML-GPU-Cluster-Verbindungen der übernächsten Generation. Voraussichtliche Ratifizierung 2025/2026. // Emerging: 1.6 Terabit/s using 16 parallel SMF channels (100G each). Up to 500m — the next-next-generation standard for AI/ML GPU cluster interconnects. Ratification expected 2025/2026.')
+
+ON CONFLICT (name) DO UPDATE SET
+  description = EXCLUDED.description,
+  max_reach_label = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.max_reach_label, standards.max_reach_label),
+  notes = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.notes, standards.notes);

sql/101-form-factors-table.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+-- Migration 101: Form Factors Reference Table
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- Comprehensive form factor reference with plain-language descriptions,
+-- physical dimensions, max speeds, and connector types.
+--
+-- Covers all 20 form factors in the transceivers table + additional modern ones
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS form_factors (
+  id               UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+  name             TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,           -- e.g. "QSFP28"
+  full_name        TEXT NOT NULL,                  -- e.g. "Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28"
+  short_name       TEXT,                            -- e.g. "QSFP28" (alias/marketing name)
+  generation       TEXT,                            -- e.g. "4th generation SFP family"
+  family           TEXT,                            -- e.g. "SFP family" | "QSFP family" | "CFP family" | "legacy"
+  max_speed_gbps   NUMERIC,                         -- maximum electrical interface speed
+  channels         INTEGER,                         -- number of electrical channels (lanes)
+  channel_rate_gbps NUMERIC,                        -- per-channel speed in Gbps
+  physical_width_mm NUMERIC,                        -- width in mm
+  physical_height_mm NUMERIC,                       -- height (depth) in mm
+  hot_swap         BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,            -- supports hot-swap / hot-pluggable
+  connector_type   TEXT,                            -- typical fiber connector, e.g. "LC duplex", "MPO-12", "varies"
+  year_introduced  INTEGER,                         -- year first modules appeared on market
+  supersedes       TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',             -- form factors this one replaces
+  superseded_by    TEXT,                            -- newer form factor that replaces this one
+  status           TEXT DEFAULT 'current' CHECK (status IN ('current','legacy','emerging','obsolete')),
+  description      TEXT,                            -- plain-language explanation (DE · EN)
+  notes            TEXT,                            -- technical notes
+  url              TEXT,                            -- standard/MSA spec URL
+  created_at       TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_form_factors_family ON form_factors (family);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_form_factors_max_speed ON form_factors (max_speed_gbps DESC);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_form_factors_status ON form_factors (status);
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- Insert all known form factors
+-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+INSERT INTO form_factors (name, full_name, family, generation, max_speed_gbps, channels, channel_rate_gbps, physical_width_mm, physical_height_mm, hot_swap, connector_type, year_introduced, supersedes, superseded_by, status, description, notes, url)
+VALUES
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- SFP Family
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('SFP',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable',
+ 'SFP family', '1st generation',
+ 1, 1, 1.0625, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2000,
+ '{}', 'SFP+', 'legacy',
+ 'Das Original-Netzwerkmodul — der "USB-Stick" der Netzwerktechnik. Klein, steckbar, für 1G-Verbindungen. Läuft in fast jedem Switch und Router. Zwei Varianten: für Glasfaser (mit Kabel) oder Kupfer (SFP-T, kein Kabel nötig). // The original "thumb drive" of networking. Small, hot-swappable, 1G. Runs in virtually every switch and router ever made. Available for fiber (requires cable) or copper (SFP-T, RJ45 socket).',
+ 'LC Duplex fiber or RJ45 (SFP-T). Defined by SFF Committee SFF-8472.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('SFP+',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus',
+ 'SFP family', '2nd generation',
+ 10, 1, 10.3125, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2006,
+ '{SFP,XFP}', 'SFP28', 'current',
+ 'Die 10G-Version des klassischen SFP. Gleiche physische Größe und gleicher Slot wie das Original-SFP — einfaches Upgrade auf 10G ohne neuen Switch. Der meistverkaufte Transceiver-Typ weltweit. // The 10G evolution of the original SFP. Same physical size and slot as the original — direct upgrade to 10G without changing the switch. The world''s best-selling transceiver form factor.',
+ 'Backward compatible slot with SFP (1G). IEEE 802.3ae. SFF-8431.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('SFP28',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable 28 (25G)',
+ 'SFP family', '3rd generation',
+ 25, 1, 25.78125, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2016,
+ '{SFP+}', 'SFP56', 'current',
+ '25G in der SFP-Gehäusegröße. Der Standardanschluss für Server-Netzwerkkarten seit 2017. Läuft im selben physischen Slot wie SFP+ — Switch-Ports können je nach Bedarf 10G oder 25G module aufnehmen. // 25G in the standard SFP housing. The default server NIC connection since 2017. Fits the same physical slot as SFP+ — switch ports can accept either 10G or 25G modules depending on need.',
+ 'IEEE 802.3by. Same mechanical cage as SFP/SFP+. Dominant server uplink form factor.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('SFP56',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable 56 (50G)',
+ 'SFP family', '4th generation',
+ 50, 1, 53.125, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2020,
+ '{SFP28}', 'SFP112', 'current',
+ '50G in SFP-Größe, mit PAM4-Signaltechnik. Für Netzwerke die 50G pro Port benötigen ohne auf größere Module wechseln zu müssen. Noch nicht weit verbreitet — SFP28 (25G) und QSFP28 (100G) dominieren. // 50G in SFP size using PAM4 signaling. For networks needing 50G per port without switching to larger modules. Not yet widely deployed — SFP28 (25G) and QSFP28 (100G) dominate.',
+ 'PAM4 modulation. IEEE 802.3cd. Backward compatible cage with SFP/SFP+/SFP28.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('SFP112',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable 112 (100G)',
+ 'SFP family', '5th generation',
+ 100, 1, 112.0, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2022,
+ '{SFP56}', NULL, 'emerging',
+ '100G im kleinen SFP-Gehäuse — noch höhere Dichte als SFP56. Für zukünftige High-Density-100G-Deployments wo möglichst viele Ports auf kleinem Raum benötigt werden. Noch in früher Markteinführungsphase. // 100G in the small SFP housing — even higher density than SFP56. For future high-density 100G deployments where maximum port count matters. Still in early market adoption.',
+ 'PAM4, 112Gbps per lane. Next evolution after SFP56. Target for 2024+ deployments.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('SFP56-DD',
+ 'Small Form-factor Pluggable 56 Double Density (100G)',
+ 'SFP family', 'double density variant',
+ 100, 2, 53.125, 13.4, 56.5, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2021,
+ '{SFP28}', NULL, 'current',
+ 'Doppelte Dichte: Zwei 50G-Kanäle im SFP-Gehäuse = 100G total. Die Elektroanschlüsse sind breiter als SFP56 (8 statt 4 Pins). Für hohe 100G-Portdichte ohne QSFP-Module. // Double density: two 50G lanes in SFP housing = 100G total. Wider electrical connector than SFP56 (8 vs 4 pins). For high 100G port density without needing QSFP modules.',
+ '2x25G electrical interface. Backward slot-compatible with SFP56 in many switches.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- XFP (legacy)
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('XFP',
+ '10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable',
+ 'legacy', 'XFP generation',
+ 10, 1, 10.3125, 18.8, 65.0, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2002,
+ '{}', 'SFP+', 'legacy',
+ 'Älteres 10G-Modul, deutlich größer als SFP+. War der erste weit verbreitete 10G-Standard, wurde aber vollständig durch SFP+ ersetzt da SFP+ kleiner, günstiger und effizienter ist. Noch in sehr alten Switches zu finden. // Older 10G module, significantly larger than SFP+. Was the first widely deployed 10G standard but completely replaced by SFP+, which is smaller, cheaper, and more efficient. Still found in very old switches.',
+ 'XFP MSA. 300-pin interface. Largely obsolete since ~2012.',
+ 'https://www.xfpmsa.org'),
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- QSFP Family
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('QSFP+',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus (40G)',
+ 'QSFP family', '1st generation QSFP',
+ 40, 4, 10.3125, 18.4, 72.4, TRUE, 'MPO-12 or LC duplex', 2010,
+ '{}', 'QSFP28', 'legacy',
+ '4 Kanäle à 10G = 40G total. Deutlich kompakter als 4 einzelne SFP+-Module — ein QSFP+-Port im Switch entspricht 4 SFP+-Ports. War der 40G-Standard der Rechenzentren, heute durch 100G abgelöst. // 4 channels × 10G = 40G total. Much more compact than 4 individual SFP+ modules — one QSFP+ port equals 4 SFP+ ports. Was the 40G data center standard, now largely replaced by 100G.',
+ 'IEEE 802.3ba. MPO-12 for SR4, LC duplex for LR4. Compatible with QSFP28 slots in many switches.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('QSFP28',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28 (100G)',
+ 'QSFP family', '2nd generation QSFP',
+ 100, 4, 25.78125, 18.4, 72.4, TRUE, 'varies (MPO-12 or LC duplex)', 2015,
+ '{QSFP+}', 'QSFP56', 'current',
+ 'Der 100G-Standard. 4 Kanäle à 25G = 100G total. Seit 2016 der dominante Transceiver-Typ in modernen Rechenzentren — die große Mehrheit aller 100G-Verbindungen verwendet QSFP28. Läuft oft auch in QSFP-DD-Slots. // The 100G standard. 4 channels × 25G = 100G total. The dominant transceiver type in modern data centers since 2016 — the vast majority of 100G connections use QSFP28. Often also runs in QSFP-DD slots.',
+ 'IEEE 802.3bm. Mechanically compatible with QSFP+. The most widely deployed 100G form factor.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('QSFP56',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 56 (200G)',
+ 'QSFP family', '3rd generation QSFP',
+ 200, 4, 53.125, 18.4, 72.4, TRUE, 'varies (MPO or LC)', 2018,
+ '{QSFP28}', 'QSFP-DD', 'current',
+ '4 Kanäle à 50G = 200G total (PAM4-Signal). Doppelte Kapazität von QSFP28 im selben Gehäuse. Für Netzwerke die von 100G auf 200G wechseln ohne neue Switch-Hardware zu kaufen. // 4 channels × 50G = 200G total (PAM4 signaling). Double the capacity of QSFP28 in the same housing. For networks upgrading from 100G to 200G without buying new switch hardware.',
+ 'IEEE 802.3cd. PAM4 modulation. Mechanically compatible with QSFP28/QSFP+ slots.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('QSFP112',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 112 (400G)',
+ 'QSFP family', '4th generation QSFP',
+ 400, 4, 112.0, 18.4, 72.4, TRUE, 'varies', 2021,
+ '{QSFP56}', NULL, 'current',
+ '4 Kanäle à 100G = 400G total (PAM4). Gleiche Gehäusegröße wie QSFP28 aber 4x die Kapazität. Für Rechenzentren die 400G bei maximaler Port-Dichte benötigen. // 4 channels × 100G = 400G total (PAM4). Same housing as QSFP28 but 4× the capacity. For data centers needing 400G at maximum port density.',
+ 'IEEE 802.3bs subset. PAM4. High thermal demands within standard QSFP envelope.',
+ 'https://www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff'),
+
+('QSFP-DD',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density (400G/800G)',
+ 'QSFP family', 'double density QSFP',
+ 400, 8, 53.125, 18.4, 89.4, TRUE, 'varies (MPO-12/16 or LC)', 2019,
+ '{QSFP28,QSFP56}', 'QSFP-DD800', 'current',
+ 'Doppelte Dichte: 8 Kanäle statt 4, für 400G (8×50G) oder mit neueren Chips 800G (8×100G). Rückwärtskompatibel — QSFP-DD-Slots können auch QSFP28-Module aufnehmen. Der wichtigste Hochgeschwindigkeitsstandard aktuell. // Double density: 8 channels instead of 4, enabling 400G (8×50G) or with newer chips 800G (8×100G). Backward compatible — QSFP-DD slots also accept QSFP28 modules. Currently the most important high-speed form factor.',
+ 'QSFP-DD MSA. Backward compatible with QSFP28/QSFP56. Dominant 400G standard alongside OSFP.',
+ 'https://www.qsfp-dd.com'),
+
+('QSFP-DD800',
+ 'Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density 800 (800G)',
+ 'QSFP family', 'double density 800G',
+ 800, 8, 112.0, 18.4, 89.4, TRUE, 'varies', 2022,
+ '{QSFP-DD}', NULL, 'current',
+ 'Die 800G-Version des QSFP-DD. 8 Kanäle à 100G = 800G total (PAM4). Für AI/ML-Cluster der neuesten Generation und Hyperscale-Netzwerke die 800G-Verbindungen benötigen. // The 800G version of QSFP-DD. 8 channels × 100G = 800G total (PAM4). For latest-generation AI/ML clusters and hyperscale networks requiring 800G connections.',
+ 'QSFP-DD MSA v5.0+. 8×112Gbps PAM4. Higher power envelope than standard QSFP-DD.',
+ 'https://www.qsfp-dd.com'),
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- OSFP Family
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('OSFP',
+ 'Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable (400G/800G)',
+ 'OSFP family', '1st generation OSFP',
+ 800, 8, 112.0, 22.58, 100.4, TRUE, 'varies (MPO or LC)', 2019,
+ '{}', 'OSFP112', 'current',
+ 'Etwas größer als QSFP-DD, dafür besser gekühlt. 8 Kanäle für 400G (8×50G) oder 800G (8×100G). Bevorzugt von Cisco und einigen anderen Herstellern. Bietet mehr thermischen Spielraum für leistungsstarke Kohärenz-Module. // Slightly larger than QSFP-DD but better cooled. 8 channels for 400G (8×50G) or 800G (8×100G). Preferred by Cisco and some other vendors. Provides more thermal headroom for high-power coherent modules.',
+ 'OSFP MSA. 22.58mm wide vs 18.4mm for QSFP-DD. Better thermal management for coherent optics.',
+ 'https://osfpmsa.org'),
+
+('OSFP112',
+ 'Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable 112 (800G/1.6T)',
+ 'OSFP family', '2nd generation OSFP',
+ 1600, 8, 224.0, 22.58, 107.8, TRUE, 'MPO-16 or varies', 2023,
+ '{OSFP}', 'OSFP224', 'emerging',
+ 'Nächste Generation OSFP für 800G (8×100G) und zukünftige 1.6T-Anwendungen (8×200G). Für AI/ML-Cluster der übernächsten Generation. Noch in früher Markteinführungsphase. // Next-generation OSFP for 800G (8×100G) and future 1.6T applications (8×200G). For the next-next-generation of AI/ML clusters. Still in early market adoption.',
+ 'OSFP MSA v2.0+. 224Gbps per lane target. Key form factor for 1.6T AI/ML networks.',
+ 'https://osfpmsa.org'),
+
+('OSFP224',
+ 'Octal Small Form-factor Pluggable 224 (1.6T)',
+ 'OSFP family', '3rd generation OSFP (emerging)',
+ 1600, 8, 224.0, 22.58, 107.8, TRUE, 'MPO-32 or varies', 2024,
+ '{OSFP112}', NULL, 'emerging',
+ 'Der kommende Standard für 1.6 Terabit/s: 8 Kanäle à 200G = 1.6T total. Für zukünftige AI/ML-GPU-Cluster-Verbindungen (z.B. NVIDIA NVLink 5.0 Skala). Markteinführung ab 2025/2026 erwartet. // The upcoming 1.6T standard: 8 channels × 200G = 1.6T total. For future AI/ML GPU cluster connections (e.g. NVIDIA scale-out AI networks). Market entry expected 2025/2026.',
+ 'OSFP MSA target. 224Gbps PAM4 per lane. Primary target for next-gen AI networking.',
+ 'https://osfpmsa.org'),
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- CFP Family (coherent / 100G legacy)
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('CFP',
+ 'C Form-factor Pluggable (100G, large)',
+ 'CFP family', '1st generation CFP',
+ 100, 10, 10.3125, 82.0, 144.75, TRUE, 'LC duplex or MPO', 2010,
+ '{}', 'CFP2', 'legacy',
+ 'Das erste 100G-Modulformat — groß wie ein Taschenbuch, für early-100G-WDM-Anwendungen. Heute veraltet und durch kleinere CFP2/CFP4 oder QSFP28 ersetzt. Noch in älteren Telko- und Transport-Geräten zu finden. // The first 100G module format — about the size of a small book, used for early 100G WDM applications. Now obsolete, replaced by smaller CFP2/CFP4 or QSFP28. Still found in older telecom and transport equipment.',
+ 'CFP MSA. 82mm wide. Largely obsolete since ~2014. Very high power consumption.',
+ 'https://www.cfp-msa.org'),
+
+('CFP2',
+ 'C Form-factor Pluggable 2 (100G/200G, medium)',
+ 'CFP family', '2nd generation CFP',
+ 200, 4, 25.78125, 41.5, 107.0, TRUE, 'LC duplex or MPO', 2013,
+ '{CFP}', 'CFP4', 'current',
+ 'Halb so groß wie CFP, doppelte Portdichte. Für 100G und 200G kohärente WDM-Anwendungen in Telekommunikationsnetzen. Weit verbreitet für langreichweitige koherente Verbindungen. // Half the size of CFP, double the port density. Used for 100G and 200G coherent WDM applications in telecom networks. Widely used for long-haul coherent links.',
+ 'CFP2 MSA. 41.5mm wide. Dominant coherent form factor for carrier transport equipment.',
+ 'https://www.cfp-msa.org'),
+
+('CFP4',
+ 'C Form-factor Pluggable 4 (100G, small)',
+ 'CFP family', '4th generation CFP',
+ 100, 4, 25.78125, 21.5, 107.0, TRUE, 'LC duplex', 2014,
+ '{CFP2}', NULL, 'current',
+ 'Ein Viertel der Größe des Original-CFP. Gleiche Portdichte wie QSFP28, aber bevorzugt für kohärente/abstimmbare WDM-Anwendungen die mehr Platz für optische Komponenten benötigen. // Quarter the size of original CFP. Same port density as QSFP28 but preferred for coherent/tunable WDM applications requiring more space for optical components.',
+ 'CFP4 MSA. 21.5mm wide. Popular for tunable DWDM 100G.',
+ 'https://www.cfp-msa.org'),
+
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+-- CXP (obsolete)
+-- ─────────────────────────────
+('CXP',
+ 'C Form-factor 10×10G (100G, parallel, legacy)',
+ 'legacy', 'CXP generation',
+ 100, 12, 10.3125, 45.0, 101.0, TRUE, 'MPO-24', 2010,
+ '{}', 'QSFP28', 'obsolete',
+ 'Frühes 100G-Modul mit 10 parallelen 10G-Kanälen (24-Faser-MPO). Sehr kurze Produktionsphase — wurde schnell durch QSFP28 abgelöst. Praktisch nicht mehr im Einsatz. // Early 100G module using 10 parallel 10G channels (24-fiber MPO). Very short production lifetime — quickly replaced by QSFP28. Practically no longer in active use.',
+ 'CXP MSA. 12 lanes, 10 used for data. Replaced by QSFP28 before becoming mainstream.',
+ NULL)
+
+ON CONFLICT (name) DO UPDATE SET
+  description        = EXCLUDED.description,
+  full_name          = EXCLUDED.full_name,
+  max_speed_gbps     = EXCLUDED.max_speed_gbps,
+  status             = EXCLUDED.status,
+  notes              = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.notes, form_factors.notes);